P06213: Insulin receptor
Insulin receptor (INSR) is a 1382-residue protein from Homo sapiens. UniProt accession: P06213.
Function
Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosine residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signalin
Subcellular location
Cell membrane, Late endosome, Lysosome
Disease associations
Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS); Leprechaunism (LEPRCH); Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D)
Subunit structure
Tetramer of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha chains carry the insulin-binding regions, while the beta chains carry the kinase domain. Forms a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, the hybrid is a tetramer consisting of 1 alpha chain and 1 beta chain of INSR and 1 alpha chain and 1 beta chain of IGF1R. Interacts with SORBS1 but dissociates from it following insulin stimulation.
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