28KE: Human holo-TFIIH-XPC-XPA complex

Cryo-EM structure of the human holo-TFIIH-XPC-XPA complex bound to bulky lesion-mimic DNA. Determined by electron microscopy at 3.6 Å resolution. Released 6 May 2026.

Method
Electron microscopy
Resolution
3.6 Å
Organisms
Homo sapiens, synthetic construct
Chains
12
Atoms
24,107
Mol. weight
595.87 kDa
Ligands
SF4, ZN
Released
6 May 2026

Explore 28KE in 3D Show helices and sheets RCSB PDB PDBe

Secondary structure: helices and β-sheets

28KE contains 146 α-helices and 119 β-strands across 10 chains. Residue ranges use author residue numbering, as in the PDB file, from PDBe. To see them in 3D, choose the Cartoon representation with Secondary structure coloring: helices, sheets and coils get different colors.

Chain A: 32 helices, 32 β-strands

ElementResiduesLengthSheet
β-strand59-6021
α-helix661
β-strand6712
α-helix681
β-strand7813
β-strand84-8743
α-helix93-10311
β-strand105-10843
β-strand113-11753
α-helix120-1289
α-helix133-14311
β-strand14612
α-helix150-16112
β-strand167-17154
β-strand174-17854
α-helix182-1909
α-helix192-1976
β-strand19814
β-strand20615
β-strand26815
β-strand271-27224
α-helix277-28610
β-strand29214
β-strand294-29526
α-helix304-3052
β-strand31017
α-helix318-3258
β-strand333-33426
β-strand336-33948
α-helix347-35711
β-strand361-36448
α-helix368-38013
β-strand38217
β-strand390-39128
β-strand405-40848
α-helix410-4134
α-helix421-43111
β-strand435-44178
α-helix443-4453
α-helix449-4568
β-strand460-46788
α-helix477-4793
α-helix480-4834
β-strand487-49048
α-helix493-4986
β-strand506-51279
α-helix513-5153
α-helix516-5249
α-helix530-5356
α-helix538-55215
β-strand558-56149
α-helix565-57511
β-strand579-58029
α-helix586-59813
β-strand604-60749
α-helix617-6193
β-strand622-62549
α-helix633-6408
β-strand658-66479
α-helix668-6758
α-helix678-6836
β-strand688-69039
α-helix708-71811
α-helix775-7795
Chain B: 34 helices, 24 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
β-strand2-4310
β-strand9-11310
α-helix19-3416
β-strand38-41411
α-helix47-6216
β-strand70-74511
α-helix77-9822
β-strand105-107311
α-helix127-13711
α-helix140-1467
α-helix156-1649
α-helix169-1713
β-strand173-174211
α-helix177-18711
α-helix191-1988
β-strand204-208511
α-helix210-2134
α-helix221-2233
β-strand230-233411
α-helix240-2467
β-strand248-251412
α-helix253-27624
α-helix279-28810
α-helix321-3233
α-helix326-34318
β-strand350-352312
α-helix354-36512
α-helix370-38617
α-helix395-40713
β-strand414-419612
β-strand432-437612
α-helix441-4499
β-strand453-458611
α-helix466-4705
β-strand477-478211
β-strand490-494513
β-strand495114
β-strand497115
β-strand503115
α-helix508-5103
α-helix514-53017
β-strand534-539613
α-helix542-55413
α-helix557-5626
β-strand566-569413
α-helix574-58916
β-strand594-599613
α-helix604-6074
β-strand617-620413
α-helix631-64414
α-helix648-66417
β-strand675-679513
α-helix682-6854
α-helix687-6915
α-helix695-6984
α-helix703-7053
β-strand708114
α-helix710-72415
Chain C: 7 helices, 0 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
α-helix399-41214
α-helix424-43411
α-helix455-47723
α-helix484-50017
α-helix501-5055
α-helix506-51510
α-helix523-54725
Chain D: 25 helices, 19 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
α-helix19-246
α-helix28-347
α-helix38-458
α-helix50-589
β-strand66-67216
α-helix68-725
β-strand75117
α-helix77-793
α-helix80-9213
β-strand96-101616
β-strand105-110616
α-helix112-12211
α-helix142-1443
α-helix145-16420
α-helix173-1819
β-strand185-186218
β-strand195-196218
α-helix198-2047
α-helix208-22114
α-helix224-2263
α-helix230-24112
β-strand249-250219
α-helix256-26813
β-strand271-272220
β-strand280-281219
β-strand282-283220
α-helix285-2884
β-strand307-30931
β-strand314-31741
α-helix322-3309
β-strand333-33861
β-strand341-34551
α-helix348-35710
α-helix361-37010
β-strand37211
α-helix374-3785
α-helix385-39612
α-helix397-3993
β-strand402-406521
β-strand407-409322
α-helix415-42814
β-strand431-433322
β-strand441-443322
α-helix447-46115
Chain E: 20 helices, 20 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
α-helix10-123
α-helix18-214
α-helix31-4212
β-strand59-60223
β-strand63-66424
α-helix69-713
α-helix80-9819
β-strand103123
β-strand104-110724
β-strand113-121924
α-helix124-13310
α-helix145-15612
β-strand164-165223
β-strand166-171624
α-helix182-19211
β-strand195-200624
α-helix206-2149
β-strand219-221324
α-helix225-23410
α-helix238-2414
β-strand249-253525
β-strand257-258226
α-helix273-2753
α-helix281-2833
β-strand289-290227
β-strand297-298227
β-strand303-304225
β-strand311-312225
α-helix315-3184
α-helix319-3213
α-helix327-3293
β-strand332-335428
α-helix336-3383
β-strand344129
β-strand351129
β-strand356-359428
β-strand366-367228
α-helix369-3746
α-helix375-3795
α-helix383-3875
Chain F: 12 helices, 12 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
β-strand7-161030
α-helix19-279
α-helix34-5118
β-strand56-62730
β-strand67-69330
α-helix102-12019
α-helix133-14715
β-strand156-1651030
α-helix168-1692
α-helix174-18613
β-strand190-195630
α-helix201-21010
β-strand214-216330
α-helix224-2263
α-helix227-2315
α-helix235-2384
β-strand241117
α-helix244-2463
β-strand248-249226
β-strand253-254231
β-strand261-262231
β-strand264-268525
β-strand274-275225
α-helix283-2886
Chain G: 2 helices, 4 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
β-strand4132
β-strand7-11521
α-helix14-2512
β-strand34-37421
β-strand42-45421
α-helix51-6313
Chain H: 4 helices, 0 β-strands
ElementResiduesLengthSheet
α-helix67-8115
α-helix92-11019
α-helix115-12814
α-helix131-1399

2 more chain groups are not listed. Open the entry in the viewer and use the sequence panel to see them.

Molecules and chains

MoleculeChainsTypeLengthOrganismUniProt
General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPBAprotein797Homo sapiensP19447 (AlphaFold model)
TFIIH basal transcription factor complex helicase XPD subunitBprotein771Homo sapiensP18074 (AlphaFold model)
General transcription factor IIH subunit 1Cprotein591Homo sapiensP32780 (AlphaFold model)
General transcription factor IIH subunit 4Dprotein462Homo sapiensQ92759 (AlphaFold model)
General transcription factor IIH subunit 2Eprotein395Homo sapiensQ13888
General transcription factor IIH subunit 3Fprotein308Homo sapiensQ13889
General transcription factor IIH subunit 5Gprotein71Homo sapiensQ6ZYL4
CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1Hprotein309Homo sapiensP51948
DNA repair protein complementing XP-C cellsIprotein940Homo sapiensQ01831
DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cellsNprotein273Homo sapiensP23025
DNA lesion strandLDNA48synthetic construct
DNA non-lesion strandMDNA69synthetic construct
Sequence of entity 1 (A), FASTA
>28KE_1 General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPB (chains A)
HHHHHHENLYFQSNAMGKRDRADRDKKKSRKRHYEDEEDDEEDAPGNDPQEAVPSAAGKQ
VDESGTKVDEYGAKDYRLQMPLKDDHTSRPLWVAPDGHIFLEAFSPVYKYAQDFLVAIAE
PVCRPTHVHEYKLTAYSLYAAVSVGLQTSDITEYLRKLSKTGVPDGIMQFIKLCTVSYGK
VKLVLKHNRYFVESCHPDVIQHLLQDPVIRECRLRNSEGEATELITETFTSKSAISKTAE
SSGGPSTSRVTDPQGKSDIPMDLFDFYEQMDKDEEEEEETQTVSFEVKQEMIEELQKRCI
HLEYPLLAEYDFRNDSVNPDINIDLKPTAVLRPYQEKSLRKMFGNGRARSGVIVLPCGAG
KSLVGVTAACTVRKRCLVLGNSAVSVEQWKAQFKMWSTIDDSQICRFTSDAKDKPIGCSV
AISTYSMLGHTTKRSWEAERVMEWLKTQEWGLMILDEVHTIPAKMFRRVLTIVQAHCKLG
LTATLVREDDKIVDLNFLIGPKLYEANWMELQNNGYIAKVQCAEVWCPMSPEFYREYVAI
KTKKRILLYTMNPNKFRACQFLIKFHERRNDKIIVFADNVFALKEYAIRLNKPYIYGPTS
QGERMQILQNFKHNPKINTIFISKVGDTSFDLPEANVLIQISSHGGSRRQEAQRLGRVLR
AKKGMVAEEYNAFFYSLVSQDTQEMAYSTKRQRFLVDQGYSFKVITKLAGMEEEDLAFST
KEEQQQLLQKVLAATDLDAEEEVVAGEFGSRSSQASRRFGTMSSMSGADDTVYMEYHSSR
SKAPSKHVHPLFKRFRK
Sequence of entity 2 (B), FASTA
>28KE_2 TFIIH basal transcription factor complex helicase XPD subunit (chains B)
MKLNVDGLLVYFPYDYIYPEQFSYMRELKRTLDAKGHGVLEMPSGTGKTVSLLALIMAYQ
RAYPLEVTKLIYCSRTVPEIEKVIEELRKLLNFYEKQEGEKLPFLGLALSSRKNLCIHPE
VTPLRFGKDVDGKCHSLTASYVRAQYQHDTSLPHCRFYEEFDAHGREVPLPAGIYNLDDL
KALGRRQGWCPYFLARYSILHANVVVYSYHYLLDPKIADLVSKELARKAVVVFDEAHNID
NVCIDSMSVNLTRRTLDRCQGNLETLQKTVLRIKETDEQRLRDEYRRLVEGLREASAARE
TDAHLANPVLPDEVLQEAVPGSIRTAEHFLGFLRRLLEYVKWRLRVQHVVQESPPAFLSG
LAQRVCIQRKPLRFCAERLRSLLHTLEITDLADFSPLTLLANFATLVSTYAKGFTIIIEP
FDDRTPTIANPILHFSCMDASLAIKPVFERFQSVIITSGTLSPLDIYPKILDFHPVTMAT
FTMTLARVCLCPMIIGRGNDQVAISSKFETREDIAVIRNYGNLLLEMSAVVPDGIVAFFT
SYQYMESTVASWYEQGILENIQRNKLLFIETQDGAETSVALEKYQEACENGRGAILLSVA
RGKVSEGIDFVHHYGRAVIMFGVPYVYTQSRILKARLEYLRDQFQIRENDFLTFDAMRHA
AQCVGRAIRGKTDYGLMVFADKRFARGDKRGKLPRWIQEHLTDANLNLTVDEGVQVAKYF
LRQMAQPFHREDQLGLSLLSLEQLESEETLKRIEQIAQQLSSNDYKDDDDK
Sequence of entity 3 (C), FASTA
>28KE_3 General transcription factor IIH subunit 1 (chains C)
MATSSEEVLLIVKKVRQKKQDGALYLMAERIAWAPEGKDRFTISHMYADIKCQKISPEGK
AKIQLQLVLHAGDTTNFHFSNESTAVKERDAVKDLLQQLLPKFKRKANKELEEKNRMLQE
DPVLFQLYKDLVVSQVISAEEFWANRLNVNATDSSSTSNHKQDVGISAAFLADVRPQTDG
CNGLRYNLTSDIIESIFRTYPAVKMKYAENVPHNMTEKEFWTRFFQSHYFHRDRLNTGSK
DLFAECAKIDEKGLKTMVSLGVKNPLLDLTALEDKPLDEGYGISSVPSASNSKSIKENSN
AAIIKRFNHHSAMVLAAGLRKQEAQNEQTSEPSNMDGNSGDADCFQPAVKRAKLQESIEY
EDLGKNNSVKTIALNLKKSDRYYHGPTPIQSLQYATSQDIINSFQSIRQEMEAYTPKLTQ
VLSSSAASSTITALSPGGALMQGGTQQAINQMVPNDIQSELKHLYVAVGELLRHFWSCFP
VNTPFLEEKVVKMKSNLERFQVTKLCPFQEKIRRQYLSTNLVSHIEEMLQTAYNKLHTWQ
SRRLMKKTGSGGENLYFQSGSWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGGSWSHPQFEKSG
Sequence of entity 4 (D), FASTA
>28KE_4 General transcription factor IIH subunit 4 (chains D)
MESTPSRGLNRVHLQCRNLQEFLGGLSPGVLDRLYGHPATCLAVFRELPSLAKNWVMRML
FLEQPLPQAAVALWVKKEFSKAQEESTGLLSGLRIWHTQLLPGGLQGLILNPIFRQNLRI
ALLGGGKAWSDDTSQLGPDKHARDVPSLDKYAEERWEVVLHFMVGSPSAAVSQDLAQLLS
QAGLMKSTEPGEPPCITSAGFQFLLLDTPAQLWYFMLQYLQTAQSRGMDLVEILSFLFQL
SFSTLGKDYSVEGMSDSLLNFLQHLREFGLVFQRKRKSRRYYPTRLAINLSSGVSGAGGT
VHQPGFIVVETNYRLYAYTESELQIALIALFSEMLYRFPNMVVAQVTRESVQQAIASGIT
AQQIIHFLRTRAHPVMLKQTPVLPPTITDQIRLWELERDRLRFTEGVLYNQFLSQVDFEL
LLAHARELGVLVFENSAKRLMVVTPAGHSDVKRFWKRQKHSS
Sequence of entity 5 (E), FASTA
>28KE_5 General transcription factor IIH subunit 2 (chains E)
MDEEPERTKRWEGGYERTWEILKEDESGSLKATIEDILFKAKRKRVFEHHGQVRLGMMRH
LYVVVDGSRTMEDQDLKPNRLTCTLKLLEYFVEEYFDQNPISQIGIIVTKSKRAEKLTEL
SGNPRKHITSLKKAVDMTCHGEPSLYNSLSIAMQTLKHMPGHTSREVLIIFSSLTTCDPS
NIYDLIKTLKAAKIRVSVIGLSAEVRVCTVLARETGGTYHVILDESHYKELLTHHVSPPP
ASSSSECSLIRMGFPQHTIASLSDQDAKPSFSMAHLDGNTEPGLTLGGYFCPQCRAKYCE
LPVECKICGLTLVSAPHLARSYHHLFPLDAFQEIPLEEYNGERFCYGCQGELKDQHVYVC
AVCQNVFCVDCDVFVHDSLHCCPGCIHKIPAPSGV
Sequence of entity 6 (F), FASTA
>28KE_6 General transcription factor IIH subunit 3 (chains F)
MVSDEDELNLLVIVVDANPIWWGKQALKESQFTLSKCIDAVMVLGNSHLFMNRSNKLAVI
ASHIQESRFLYPGKNGRLGDFFGDPGNPPEFNPSGSKDGKYELLTSANEVIVEEIKDLMT
KSDIKGQHTETLLAGSLAKALCYIHRMNKEVKDNQEMKSRILVIKAAEDSALQYMNFMNV
IFAAQKQNILIDACVLDSDSGLLQQACDITGGLYLKVPQMPSLLQYLLWVFLPDQDQRSQ
LILPPPVHVDYRAACFCHRNLIEIGYVCSVCLSIFCNFSPICTTCETAFKISLPPVLKAK
KKKLKVSA
Sequence of entity 7 (G), FASTA
>28KE_7 General transcription factor IIH subunit 5 (chains G)
MVNVLKGVLIECDPAMKQFLLYLDESNALGKKFIIQDIDDTHVFVIAELVNVLQERVGEL
MDQNAFSLTQK
Sequence of entity 8 (H), FASTA
>28KE_8 CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1 (chains H)
MDDQGCPRCKTTKYRNPSLKLMVNVCGHTLCESCVDLLFVRGAGNCPECGTPLRKSNFRV
QLFEDPTVDKEVEIRKKVLKIYNKREEDFPSLREYNDFLEEVEEIVFNLTNNVDLDNTKK
KMEIYQKENKDVIQKNKLKLTREQEELEEALEVERQENEQRRLFIQKEEQLQQILKRKNK
QAFLDELESSDLPVALLLAQHKDRSTQLEMQLEKPKPVKPVTFSTGIKMGQHISLAPIHK
LEEALYEYQPLQIETYGPHVPELEMLGRLGYLNHVRAASPQDLAGGYTSSLACHRALQDA
FSGLFWQPS
Sequence of entity 9 (I), FASTA
>28KE_9 DNA repair protein complementing XP-C cells (chains I)
MARKRAAGGEPRGRELRSQKSKAKSKARREEEEEDAFEDEKPPKKSLLSKVSQGKRKRGC
SHPGGSADGPAKKKVAKVTVKSENLKVIKDEALSDGDDLRDFPSDLKKAHHLKRGATMNE
DSNEEEEESENDWEEVEELSEPVLGDVRESTAFSRSLLPVKPVEIEIETPEQAKTRERSE
KIKLEFETYLRRAMKRFNKGVHEDTHKVHLLCLLANGFYRNNICSQPDLHAIGLSIIPAR
FTRVLPRDVDTYYLSNLVKWFIGTFTVNAELSASEQDNLQTTLERRFAIYSARDDEELVH
IFLLILRALQLLTRLVLSLQPIPLKSATAKGKKPSKERLTADPGGSSETSSQVLENHTKP
KTSKGTKQEETFAKGTCRPSAKGKRNKGGRKKRSKPSSSEEDEGPGDKQEKATQRRPHGR
ERRVASRVSYKEESGSDEAGSGSDFELSSGEASDPSDEDSEPGPPKQRKAPAPQRTKAGS
KSASRTHRGSHRKDPSLPAASSSSSSSKRGKKMCSDGEKAEKRSIAGIDQWLEVFCEQEE
KWVCVDCVHGVVGQPLTCYKYATKPMTYVVGIDSDGWVRDVTQRYDPVWMTVTRKCRVDA
EWWAETLRPYQSPFMDREKKEDLEFQAKHMDQPLPTAIGLYKNHPLYALKRHLLKYEAIY
PETAAILGYCRGEAVYSRDCVHTLHSRDTWLKKARVVRLGEVPYKMVKGFSNRARKARLA
EPQLREENDLGLFGYWQTEEYQPPVAVDGKVPRNEFGNVYLFLPSMMPIGCVQLNLPNLH
RVARKLDIDCVQAITGFDFHGGYSHPVTDGYIVCEEFKDVLLTAWENEQAVIERKEKEKK
EKRALGNWKLLAKGLLIRERLKRRYGPKSEAAAPHTDAGGGLSSDEEEGTSSQAEAARIL
AASWPQNREDEEKQKLKGGPKKTKREKKAAASHLFPFEQL
Sequence of entity 10 (N), FASTA
>28KE_10 DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells (chains N)
MAAADGALPEAAALEQPAELPASVRASIERKRQRALMLRQARLAARPYSATAAAATGGMA
NVKAAPKIIDTGGGFILEEEEEEEQKIGKVVHQPGPVMEFDYVICEECGKEFMDSYLMNH
FDLPTCDNCRDADDKHKLITKTEAKQEYLLKDCDLEKREPPLKFIVKKNPHHSQWGDMKL
YLKLQIVKRSLEVWGSQEALEEAKEVRQENREKMKQKKFDKKVKELRRAVRSSVWKRETI
VHQHEYGPEENLEDDMYRKTCTMCGHELTYEKM
Sequence of entity 11 (L), FASTA
>28KE_11 DNA lesion strand (chains L)
CCCATTCCAACCATCCCACTACCXTCCATCTTCACTCAACTATCACCC
Sequence of entity 12 (M), FASTA
>28KE_12 DNA non-lesion strand (chains M)
AGAGAAGGAGAGGCAAGGAAGGGTGATAGTTGAGTGAAGATGGACAGGTAGTGGGATGGT
TGGAATGGG

Ligands and cofactors

IDNameFormulaCopies
SF4Iron/sulfur clusterFe4 S41
ZNZinc ionZn6

Primary citation

Visualization of stepwise derepression of TFIIH in global genome nucleotide excision repair. de Martin Garrido, N., Haste, C.A.F., Feng, J. et al. Sci Adv (2026) 12:eaeb3506-eaeb3506. DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aeb3506 · PubMed

Other PDB entries of the same protein (UniProt P19447 (AlphaFold model), which also has an AlphaFold model), best resolution first:

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