9MXU: GLP-1R-Gs complex with glucagon

cryo-EM structure of GLP-1R-Gs complex with glucagon. Determined by electron microscopy at 2.5 Å resolution. Released 22 Apr 2026.

Method: Electron microscopy
Resolution: 2.5 Å
Organisms: Homo sapiens, synthetic construct, Lama glama
Chains: 6
Atoms: 9,007
Mol. weight: 164.73 kDa
Released: 22 Apr 2026

Explore 9MXU in 3D Show helices and sheets RCSB PDB PDBe

Secondary structure: helices and β-sheets

9MXU contains 46 α-helices and 56 β-strands across 6 chains. Residue ranges use author residue numbering, as in the PDB file, from PDBe. To see them in 3D, choose the Cartoon representation with Secondary structure coloring: helices, sheets and coils get different colors.

Chain A: 12 helices, 6 β-strands

Element	Residues	Length	Sheet
α-helix	12-39	28
β-strand	41-46	6	6
α-helix	53-59	7
β-strand	207-214	8	6
β-strand	217-224	8	6
α-helix	234-238	5
β-strand	243-248	6	6
α-helix	250-252	3
α-helix	265-277	13
α-helix	280-282	3
β-strand	286-291	6	6
α-helix	295-303	9
α-helix	308-310	3
α-helix	313-317	5
α-helix	326-327	2
α-helix	332-349	18
β-strand	359-363	5	6
α-helix	371-390	20

Chain B: 4 helices, 28 β-strands

Element	Residues	Length	Sheet
α-helix	4-25	22
α-helix	30-33	4
α-helix	38-39	2
β-strand	47-51	5	7
β-strand	58-63	6	8
β-strand	69-74	6	8
β-strand	78-83	6	8
β-strand	89-94	6	8
β-strand	100-105	6	9
β-strand	111-116	6	9
β-strand	121-125	5	9
β-strand	134-139	6	9
β-strand	146-153	8	10
β-strand	156-161	6	10
β-strand	166-170	5	10
β-strand	175-180	6	10
β-strand	187-192	6	11
β-strand	198-203	6	11
β-strand	208-212	5	11
β-strand	217-222	6	11
β-strand	229-234	6	12
β-strand	240-245	6	12
β-strand	250-254	5	12
β-strand	260-264	5	12
α-helix	272	1
β-strand	273-278	6	13
β-strand	284-289	6	13
β-strand	294-298	5	13
β-strand	303-308	6	13
β-strand	315-320	6	7
β-strand	327-331	5	7
β-strand	336-339	4	7

Chain G: 5 helices, 0 β-strands

Element	Residues	Length
α-helix	8-23	16
α-helix	30-42	13
α-helix	45-47	3
α-helix	53-55	3
α-helix	56-58	3

Chain N: 2 helices, 12 β-strands

Element	Residues	Length	Sheet
β-strand	3-7	5	14
β-strand	11	1	15
β-strand	18-25	8	14
α-helix	29-31	3
β-strand	34-39	6	16
β-strand	45-51	7	16
β-strand	58-60	3	16
β-strand	68-73	6	14
β-strand	78-83	6	14
α-helix	88-90	3
β-strand	92-98	7	16
β-strand	118	1	16
β-strand	122-124	3	16
β-strand	125	1	15

Chain P: 1 helix, 0 β-strands

Element	Residues	Length	Sheet
α-helix	2-28	27

Chain R: 22 helices, 10 β-strands

Element	Residues	Length	Sheet
α-helix	32-49	18
α-helix	53-55	3
α-helix	61-64	4
β-strand	65	1	1
β-strand	72	1	1
α-helix	75-76	2
β-strand	84	1	2
α-helix	86	1
α-helix	90-94	5
β-strand	99	1	2
β-strand	101-102	2	3
β-strand	104	1	4
α-helix	109	1
β-strand	110	1	4
α-helix	111	1
β-strand	112	1	5
β-strand	119	1	5
β-strand	121-122	2	3
α-helix	124-126	3
α-helix	138-168	31
α-helix	170-172	3
α-helix	175-204	30
α-helix	211-222	12
α-helix	225-255	31
α-helix	262-290	29
α-helix	295-297	3
α-helix	303-336	34
α-helix	347-360	14
α-helix	362-367	6
α-helix	377-399	23
α-helix	400-404	5
α-helix	407-415	9

Molecules and chains

Molecule	Chains	Type	Length	Organism	UniProt
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	R	protein	491	Homo sapiens	P43220 (AlphaFold model)
Glucagon	P	protein	29	synthetic construct	P01273 (AlphaFold model)
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short	A	protein	394	Homo sapiens	P63092 (AlphaFold model)
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1	B	protein	350	Homo sapiens	P62873 (AlphaFold model)
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2	G	protein	58	Homo sapiens	P59768
Nb35	N	protein	128	Lama glama

Sequence of entity 1 (R), FASTA

>9MXU_1 Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (chains R)
MKTIIALSYIFCLVFADYKDDDDLEVLFQGPARPQGATVSLWETVQKWREYRRQCQRSLT
EDPPPATDLFCNRTFDEYACWPDGEPGSFVNVSCPWYLPWASSVPQGHVYRFCTAEGLWL
QKDNSSLPWRDLSECEESKRGERSSPEEQLLFLYIIYTVGYALSFSALVIASAILLGFRH
LHCTRNYIHLNLFASFILRALSVFIKDAALKWMYSTAAQQHQWDGLLSYQDSLSCRLVFL
LMQYCVAANYYWLLVEGVYLYTLLAFSVFSEQWIFRLYVSIGWGVPLLFVVPWGIVKYLY
EDEGCWTRNSNMNYWLIIRLPILFAIGVNFLIFVRVICIVVSKLKANLMCKTDIKCRLAK
STLTLIPLLGTHEVIFAFVMDEHARGTLRFIKLFTELSFTSFQGLMVAILYCFVNNEVQL
EFRKSWERWRLEHLHIQRDSSMKPLKCPTSSLSSGATAGSSMYTATCQASCSPAGLEVLF
QGPHHHHHHHH

Sequence of entity 2 (P), FASTA

>9MXU_2 Glucagon (chains P)
HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT

Sequence of entity 3 (A), FASTA

>9MXU_3 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short (chains A)
MGCLGNSKTEDQRNEEKAQREANKKIEKQLQKDKQVYRATHRLLLLGAGESGKNTIVKQM
RILHVNGFNGEGGEEDPQAARSNSDGEKATKVQDIKNNLKEAIETIVAAMSNLVPPVELA
NPENQFRVDYILSVMNVPDFDFPPEFYEHAKALWEDEGVRACYERSNEYQLIDCAQYFLD
KIDVIKQADYVPSDQDLLRCRVLTSGIFETKFQVDKVNFHMFDVGAQRDERRKWIQCFND
VTAIIFVVASSSYNMVIREDNQTNRLQAALKLFDSIWNNKWLRDTSVILFLNKQDLLAEK
VLAGKSKIEDYFPEFARYTTPEDATPEPGEDPRVTRAKYFIRDEFLRISTASGDGRHYCY
PHFTCSVDTENIRRVFNDCRDIIQRMHLRQYELL

Sequence of entity 4 (B), FASTA

>9MXU_4 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 (chains B)
MHHHHHHGSSGSELDQLRQEAEQLKNQIRDARKACADATLSQITNNIDPVGRIQMRTRRT
LRGHLAKIYAMHWGTDSRLLVSASQDGKLIIWDSYTTNKVHAIPLRSSWVMTCAYAPSGN
YVACGGLDNICSIYNLKTREGNVRVSRELAGHTGYLSCCRFLDDNQIVTSSGDTTCALWD
IETGQQTTTFTGHTGDVMSLSLAPDTRLFVSGACDASAKLWDVREGMCRQTFTGHESDIN
AICFFPNGNAFATGSDDATCRLFDLRADQELMTYSHDNIICGITSVSFSKSGRLLLAGYD
DFNCNVWDALKADRAGVLAGHDNRVSCLGVTDDGMAVATGSWDSFLKIWN

Sequence of entity 5 (G), FASTA

>9MXU_5 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 (chains G)
NTASIAQARKLVEQLKMEANIDRIKVSKAAADLMAYCEAHAKEDPLLTPVPASENPFR

Sequence of entity 6 (N), FASTA

>9MXU_6 Nb35 (chains N)
QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYKMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVSDISQSGASISY
TGSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCARCPAPFTRDCFDVTSTTYAYRGQ
GTQVTVSS

Primary citation

cryo-EM structure of GLP-1R-Gs complex with glucagon. Zhang, X., Belousoff, M.J., Wootten, D. et al. To be published.

Other PDB entries of the same protein (UniProt P43220 (AlphaFold model), which also has an AlphaFold model), best resolution first:

4ZGM 1.8 Å, Crystal structure of Semaglutide peptide backbone in complex with the GLP-1 receptor…
5OTU 1.8 Å, Extracellular domain of GLP-1 receptor in complex with GLP-1 variant Ala8Hcs/Thr11Hcs
5OTT 1.92 Å, Extracellular domain of GLP-1 receptor in complex with exendin-4 variant Gly2Hcs/Thr5Hcs
5E94 2.0 Å, Antibody-bound Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor extracellular domain
5OTV 2.0 Å, Extracellular domain of GLP-1 receptor in complex with GLP-1 variant Ala8Cyc/Thr11Hcs
5OTX 2.0 Å, Extracellular domain of GLP-1 receptor in complex with GLP-1 variant Ala8Cys/Thr11Cys
3C5T 2.1 Å, Crystal structure of the ligand-bound glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor extracellular…
3IOL 2.1 Å, Crystal structure of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in complex with the extracellular domain of…
5OTW 2.1 Å, Extracellular domain of GLP-1 receptor in complex with GLP-1 variant Ala8Hcs/Thr11Cys
6X18 2.1 Å, GLP-1 peptide hormone bound to Glucagon-Like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor
6X19 2.1 Å, Non peptide agonist CHU-128, bound to Glucagon-Like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor
9NTU 2.1 Å, Cryo-EM structure of BETP-GLP-1(9-36)-GLP-1R-Gs complex

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