The ribosome and protein synthesis
The ribosome is the molecular machine that reads messenger RNA and joins amino acids into proteins. It is made mostly of RNA, and its core chemistry is carried out by RNA rather than protein. Ribosome structures were recognized by the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and explain how many antibiotics work. Note that full ribosomes are very large and may take a while to load.
17 structures
- Human 80S ribosome4V6X
- E. coli 70S ribosome with tRNAs4V9D
- Large ribosomal subunit (50S) at 2.4 Å1FFK
- Large ribosomal subunit (50S), fully refined1JJ2
- Small ribosomal subunit (30S)1J5E
- 30S subunit with streptomycin, spectinomycin and paromomycin1FJG
- 50S subunit with the antibiotic carbomycin A1K8A
- Human mitochondrial ribosome3J9M
- Yeast phenylalanine tRNA1EHZ
- Yeast phenylalanine tRNA (classic refinement)4TNA
- EF-Tu carrying an aminoacyl-tRNA1TTT
- Elongation factor EF-Tu, GTP form1EFT
- Elongation factor G with GDP2EFG
- Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA1QTQ
- Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA1ASY
- Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA and mupirocin1FFY
- Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA1N78
More collections
- Hemoglobin and oxygen transport
- Insulin and hormones
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
- DNA and RNA
- Enzymes: how proteins speed up chemistry
- Antibodies and the immune system
- Membrane proteins and transporters
- AlphaFold highlights
- Photosynthesis
- Motor proteins and the cytoskeleton
- Ion channels
- GPCRs and cell signaling
- Kinases and cancer drug targets
- Viruses
- CRISPR and genome editing
- Fluorescent and glowing proteins
- Neurotransmission and the synapse
- Blood clotting
- Drugs bound to their targets
- Classic small proteins for teaching
- Metabolism and cellular energy
- Protein folding, misfolding and amyloid
- Toxins and how they work