Metabolism and cellular energy
Cells break down glucose step by step to capture its energy as ATP. Glycolysis splits glucose into pyruvate, the citric acid cycle oxidizes the fragments, and the respiratory chain in mitochondria uses the electrons to pump protons. ATP synthase, a rotary motor, then uses that proton flow to make ATP.
24 structures
- Hexokinase (yeast)2YHX
- Phosphofructokinase4PFK
- Human aldolase with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate4ALD
- Triosephosphate isomerase1TIM
- Human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase1U8F
- Yeast phosphoglycerate kinase3PGK
- Yeast phosphoglycerate mutase with 3-phosphoglycerate1QHF
- Pyruvate kinase1PKN
- Human lactate dehydrogenase1I10
- Glycogen phosphorylase b1GPB
- Citrate synthase (open form)5CSC
- Aconitase with isocitrate7ACN
- Malate dehydrogenase5MDH
- Human respiratory complex I5XTD
- Cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III)1BE3
- Cytochrome c1HRC
- Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV)1OCC
- F1-ATPase, the catalytic head of ATP synthase1BMF
Recognized by the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (John Walker). - Bovine mitochondrial ATP synthase5ARA
- Mammalian ATP synthase tetramer with inhibitor IF16J5K
- Mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier1OKC
- Human triosephosphate isomerase (AlphaFold)P60174 (AlphaFold)
- Human GAPDH (AlphaFold)P04406 (AlphaFold)
- Human lactate dehydrogenase A (AlphaFold)P00338 (AlphaFold)
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