Blood clotting

When a blood vessel is damaged, a cascade of proteases activates one another and finally turns soluble fibrinogen into a fibrin mesh that seals the wound. Thrombin and factor Xa sit at the center of this cascade and are the targets of modern anticoagulants such as apixaban and rivaroxaban. Clot-busting enzymes such as tissue plasminogen activator later break the clot down.

Open Human alpha-thrombin with PPACK inhibitor in 3D

19 structures

Human alpha-thrombin with PPACK inhibitor1PPB
Human thrombin without ligand3U69
Thrombin bound to hirudin4HTC
Hirudin is the anticoagulant in leech saliva.
Human fibrinogen3GHG
Factor Xa with apixaban2P16
Factor Xa with rivaroxaban2W26
Factor VIIa bound to tissue factor1DAN
Coagulation factor VIII2R7E
Missing or faulty factor VIII causes hemophilia A.
Antithrombin2ANT
Von Willebrand factor A1 domain bound to platelet GPIb alpha1SQ0
Tissue plasminogen activator catalytic domain1A5H
Plasmin catalytic domain bound to streptokinase1BML
Human VKOR with warfarin6WV3
Warfarin blocks the vitamin K recycling needed to make clotting factors.
Human prothrombin (AlphaFold)P00734 (AlphaFold)
Human coagulation factor X (AlphaFold)P00742 (AlphaFold)
Human fibrinogen alpha chain (AlphaFold)P02671 (AlphaFold)
Human coagulation factor VIII (AlphaFold)P00451 (AlphaFold)
Human plasminogen (AlphaFold)P00747 (AlphaFold)
Human tissue plasminogen activator (AlphaFold)P00750 (AlphaFold)

More collections